1. Ukwehlisa amafutha
I-degreasing iwukukhipha amafutha endaweni yokusebenza futhi udlulisele amafutha ezintweni ezincibilikayo noma uhlanganise futhi uhlakaze amafutha ukuze abe ngokulinganayo futhi azinze kuketshezi lokugeza ngokusekelwe ku-saponification, solubilization, ukumanzisa, ukuhlakazeka kanye nemiphumela ye-emulsification ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamafutha kusukela ekushiseni. amanxusa.Inqubo yokuhlola yekhwalithi yokunciphisa yilezi: ingaphezulu le-workpiece akufanele libe ne-grease ebonakalayo, i-emulsion noma enye ukungcola ngemva kokukhishwa, futhi indawo engaphezulu kufanele ifakwe emanzini ngokuphelele ngemva kokugeza.Izinga lokwehlisa amafutha ikakhulukazi lincike ezicini ezinhlanu, okuhlanganisa i-alkalinity yamahhala, izinga lokushisa lesisombululo sokwehlisa amafutha, isikhathi sokucubungula, isenzo somshini, nokuqukethwe kukawoyela kwesisombululo sokwehlisa.
1.1 I-alkalinity yamahhala (FAL)
Ukugxila okufanele kuphela kwe-ejenti yokwehlisa amafutha kungafinyelela umphumela omuhle kakhulu.I-alkalinity yamahhala (FAL) yesisombululo sokwehlisa amafutha kufanele ibonwe.I-FAL ephansi izonciphisa umphumela wokukhipha uwoyela, futhi i-FAL ephezulu izokhuphula izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, ikhuphule umthwalo ekugezeni kwangemva kokwelashwa, futhi ingcolise ngisho nokuvula indawo engaphezulu kanye ne-phosphating.
1.2 Izinga lokushisa lesixazululo sokwehlisa amafutha
Lonke uhlobo lwesixazululo sokwehlisa amafutha kufanele lusetshenziswe ezingeni lokushisa elifanele kakhulu.Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kunezimfuneko zenqubo, isisombululo sokunciphisa asikwazi ukunikeza ukudlala okugcwele ekunciphiseni;uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuzokwenyuka, futhi imiphumela emibi izovela, ngakho-ke i-ejenti yokuwohloka iyahwamuka ngokushesha futhi ijubane lokumisa elisheshayo, elizodala ukugqwala kalula, izindawo ze-alkali kanye ne-oxidation, kuthinte ikhwalithi ye-phosphating yenqubo elandelayo. .Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okuzenzakalelayo kufanele futhi kulinganiswe njalo.
1.3 Isikhathi sokucubungula
Isixazululo se-degreasing kufanele sithintane ngokugcwele namafutha ku-workpiece ukuze uthole ukuthintana okwanele nesikhathi sokuphendula, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ongcono wokunciphisa.Kodwa-ke, uma isikhathi sokususa amafutha siside kakhulu, ubuthuntu bendawo yokusebenza buzokhula.
1.4 Ukwenza ngemishini
Ukujikeleza kwepompo noma ukunyakaza kwe-workpiece enqubweni yokunciphisa, okuhambisana nesenzo somshini, kungaqinisa ukukhishwa kwamafutha kahle futhi kufinyeze isikhathi sokucwilisa nokuhlanza;isivinini sokukhipha amafutha esifutho sishesha izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 kunesokucwilisa ukwehlisa amafutha.
1.5 Okuqukethwe kwe-oyili yesisombululo sokususa amafutha
Ukusetshenziswa kabusha koketshezi lokugeza kuzoqhubeka nokwandisa okuqukethwe kwamafutha oketshezini lokugeza, futhi lapho okuqukethwe kwamafutha kufinyelela isilinganiso esithile, umphumela wokunciphisa kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuhlanza kwe-ejenti yokwehlisa kuzokwehla kakhulu.Ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yokusebenza ephathwayo ngeke kuthuthukiswe ngisho noma ukugxila okuphezulu kwesisombululo sethangi kugcinwa ngokungeza amakhemikhali.Uketshezi oluqeda amafutha oselugugile futhi oseluwohlokile kufanele lushintshwe kulo lonke ithangi.
2. Ukukha i-asidi
Ukugqwala kwenzeka phezu kwensimbi esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo lapho usongwa noma ugcinwa futhi uthuthwa.Isendlalelo sokugqwala esinesakhiwo esixekethile futhi asikwazi ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezintweni eziyisisekelo.I-oxide nensimbi yensimbi kungakha ingqamuzana eliyinhloko, eliqhubekisela phambili ukugqwala kwensimbi futhi libangele ukuthi ukunamathela kubhujiswe ngokushesha.Ngakho-ke, ukugqwala kufanele kuhlanzwe ngaphambi kokudweba.Ukugqwala kuvame ukususwa yi-asidi pickling.Ngesivinini esisheshayo sokukhipha ukugqwala kanye nezindleko eziphansi, ukuchotshozwa kwe-asidi ngeke kulimaze ucezu lwensimbi futhi kungasusa ukugqwala kuwo wonke amakhona.I-Pickling kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zekhwalithi ukuthi akufanele kube khona i-oxide ebonakalayo ebonakalayo, ukugqwala kanye nokucwiliswa ngokweqile ku-workpiece ekhethiwe.Izici ezithinta umphumela wokususwa kokugqwala zimi kanje.
2.1 I-acidity yamahhala (FA)
Ukulinganisa i-acidity yamahhala (i-FA) yethangi lokuqoqa kuyindlela yokuhlola eqondile nephumelelayo yokuqinisekisa umphumela wokukhipha ukugqwala kwethangi lokukha.Uma i-asidi yamahhala iphansi, umphumela wokukhipha ukugqwala ubi.Uma i-asidi yamahhala iphezulu kakhulu, okuqukethwe yinkungu ye-asidi endaweni yokusebenza kukhulu, okungahambisani nokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi;ubuso bensimbi buthambekele "ekucwileni ngokweqile";futhi kunzima ukuhlanza i-asidi esele, okuholela ekungcolisweni kwesisombululo sethangi esilandelayo.
2.2 Izinga lokushisa nesikhathi
Ukukhetha okuningi kwenziwa ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi ukukhetha okushisayo kufanele kwenziwe kusuka ku-40 ℃ kuya ku-70 ℃.Nakuba izinga lokushisa linomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni komthamo wokukhetha, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lizokwandisa ukugqwala kwendawo yokusebenza kanye nemishini futhi libe nomthelela omubi endaweni yokusebenza.Isikhathi sokuqoqa kufanele sibe sifushane ngangokunokwenzeka lapho ukugqwala kususiwe ngokuphelele.
2.3 Ukungcola nokuguga
Enqubweni yokukhipha ukugqwala, isisombululo se-asidi sizoqhubeka nokuletha amafutha noma okunye ukungcola, futhi ukungcola okumisiwe kungasuswa ngokukhuhla.Lapho ama-ion ensimbi encibilikayo edlula okuqukethwe okuthile, umphumela wokukhipha ukugqwala kwesisombululo sethangi uzoncipha kakhulu, futhi ama-ion ensimbi amaningi azohlanganiswa ethangini le-phosphate nensalela yendawo yokusebenza, kusheshiswe ukungcoliswa nokuguga kwesisombululo sethangi le-phosphate, futhi kuthinta kakhulu ikhwalithi ye-phosphating yesiqeshana somsebenzi.
3. Ukwenza kusebenze ubuso
I-ejenti evula i-surface ingaqeda ukulingana kwendawo yokusebenza ngenxa yokususwa kwamafutha nge-alkali noma ukususwa kokugqwala ngokukhetha, ukuze kwakhiwe inani elikhulu lezikhungo ze-crystalline ezinhle kakhulu endaweni yensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshiswe isivinini sokusabela kwe-phosphate futhi kukhuthaze ukwakheka. yezingubo ze-phosphate.
3.1 Izinga lamanzi
Ukugqwala okungathí sina kwamanzi noma ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-calcium ne-magnesium ion esixazululweni sethangi kuzothinta ukuzinza kwesisombululo esisebenzayo esingaphezulu.Izithambisi zamanzi zingangezwa lapho kulungiswa isisombululo sethangi ukuze kuqedwe umthelela wekhwalithi yamanzi esixazululweni sokusebenza esingaphezulu.
3.2 Sebenzisa isikhathi
I-ejenti evula indawo engaphezulu ngokuvamile yenziwa ngosawoti we-colloidal titanium onomsebenzi we-colloidal.Umsebenzi we-colloidal uzolahleka ngemva kokuba i-ejenti isetshenziselwe isikhathi eside noma i-ion yokungcola yanda, okuholela ekuthunjweni nasekubekweni koketshezi lokugeza.Ngakho uketshezi lokugeza kufanele kushintshwe.
4. Phosphating
I-Phosphating iyinqubo yokusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-electrochemical ukwakha i-phosphate chemical conversion coating, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-phosphate coating.Isixazululo se-zinc phosphating esisezingeni eliphansi sivame ukusetshenziswa ekudwebeni kwebhasi.Izinjongo eziyinhloko ze-phosphating ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwesisekelo sensimbi, ukuvimbela insimbi ekugqwaleni ngezinga elithile, nokuthuthukisa ikhono lokuvimbela ukunamathela kanye nokugqwala kwesendlalelo sefilimu kapende.I-Phosphating iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yayo yonke inqubo yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi inendlela yokusabela eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezici eziningi, ngakho-ke kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukulawula inqubo yokukhiqiza uketshezi lokugeza lwe-phosphate kunolunye uketshezi lokugeza.
4.1 Isilinganiso se-Acid (isilinganiso se-asidi iyonke ne-asidi yamahhala)
Ukwenyuka kwesilinganiso se-asidi kungasheshisa izinga lokuphendula le-phosphating futhi kwenze i-phosphatingenamathelamncane.Kodwa isilinganiso se-asidi esiphezulu kakhulu sizokwenza ungqimba olunamathelayo lube mncane kakhulu, okuzokwenza umlotha ube yi-phosphating workpiece;isilinganiso se-asidi esiphansi sizonciphisa isivinini sokusabela kwe-phosphating, sinciphise ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi senze ikristalu ye-phosphating iphenduke ibe mahhadlahhadla futhi ibe nezimbotshana, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekugqwaleni okuphuzi endaweni yokusebenza ye-phosphating.
4.2 Izinga lokushisa
Uma izinga lokushisa loketshezi lokugeza likhuphuka ngokufanele, ijubane lokubunjwa kokugqoka liyashesha.Kodwa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lizothinta ukuguqulwa kwesilinganiso se-asidi nokuzinza koketshezi lokugeza, futhi kwandise inani le-slag ngaphandle koketshezi lokugeza.
4.3 Inani lenhlabathi
Ngokuphendula okuqhubekayo kwe-phosphate, inani lenhlabathi oketshezini lokugeza lizokhula kancane kancane, futhi inzika eyeqile izophazamisa ukusabela kokusebenzelana kwendawo yokusebenza, okuholela ekujikeni kwe-phosphate okufiphele.Ngakho-ke uketshezi lokugeza kufanele luthululwe ngokuya ngenani le-workpiece ecutshunguliwe kanye nesikhathi sokusebenzisa.
4.4 Nitrite NO-2 (ukugxila kwe-ejenti esheshayo)
I-NO-2 ingasheshisa ijubane lokusabela kwe-phosphate, ithuthukise ukuminyana kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kokunamathela kwe-phosphate.Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-NO-2 kuzokwenza ungqimba olunamathelayo lube lula ukukhiqiza amabala amhlophe, futhi okuqukethwe okuphansi kakhulu kuzonciphisa isivinini sokwakheka kokumboza futhi kukhiqize ukugqwala okuphuzi embotsheni ye-phosphate.
4.5 Sulfate radical SO2-4
Ukugcwala okuphezulu kakhulu kwekhambi lokukha amanzi noma ukulawulwa kabi ukuwasha kungakhuphula kalula i-sulfate radical oketshezini lokugeza lwe-phosphate, futhi i-ion ye-sulfate ephezulu kakhulu izonciphisa isivinini sokusabela kwe-phosphate, okuholela ekristaluni obumahhadlahhadla futhi obunezimbotshana be-phosphate, kanye nokunciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala.
4.6 I-Feron ion Fe2+
Ukuqukethwe kwe-ion ene-ferrous ephezulu kakhulu esixazululweni se-phosphate kuzonciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-phosphate enamathela ekamelweni lokushisa, kwenze ikristalu enamathelayo ye-phosphate ibe mahhadlahhadla ekushiseni okuphakathi, kwandise inzika yesisombululo se-phosphate ekushiseni okuphezulu, kwenze isixazululo sibe nodaka, futhi kwandise ne-asidi yamahhala.
5. Ukuvalwa
Inhloso yokuvala ukuvala ama-pores of phosphate coating, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela okuphelele nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuvala, okungukuthi, i-chromium kanye ne-chromium-free.Kodwa-ke, usawoti we-alkaline we-inorganic usetshenziselwa ukuvala ukusebenza futhi usawoti omningi uqukethe i-phosphate, i-carbonate, i-nitrite ne-phosphate, engalimaza kakhulu ukunamathela kwesikhathi eside nokungagqwala.ezinengilazi.
6. Ukugeza amanzi
Inhloso yokugeza amanzi ukukhipha uketshezi olusele endaweni yokusebenza kuketshezi lokugeza lwangaphambilini, futhi ikhwalithi yokugeza amanzi ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi ye-phosphating ye-workpiece kanye nokuzinza koketshezi lokugeza.Izici ezilandelayo kufanele zilawulwe ngesikhathi sokugeza ngamanzi oketshezi lokugeza.
6.1 Okuqukethwe kwezinsalela zodaka akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu.Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kuvame ukudala umlotha endaweni yokusebenza.
6.2 Ingaphezulu loketshezi lokugeza kufanele lingabi nokungcola okulengisiwe.Ukugeza amanzi aphuphumayo kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amafutha amisiwe noma okunye ukungcola endaweni ewuketshezi lokugeza.
6.3 Inani le-pH loketshezi lokugeza kufanele lisondele ekungathathi hlangothi.Inani le-pH eliphakeme kakhulu noma eliphansi kakhulu lizobangela kalula ukuhamba koketshezi lokugeza, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukuzinza koketshezi lokugeza olulandelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-23-2022